Since I'm bored I'll attempt to answer these questions..
1. If the car was unmolested, easiest way to tell is to tell by the emblem, the Type R has a bigger spoiler, I THINK the Type R is 5 lugs, the RPM redline probably reads around 8400rpm or so..If the car was modified, many of that was changed to duplicated the Type R look..you can tell by the engine code.
2. Out of the factory, all Type R's had that logo, I believe. But then again, it could be an imposter if you don't know what you are looking for.
3. They are two completely different systems. 'Nuff said.
4. Since they are pretty old cars, I want to say around 100k or so is decent. Personally, I try to stay away from ridicoulously low mileage cars being that old because it has been barely driven and a car likes to be driven.
5. GS-R is 170, Type R is 195, RS and LS are around 140, I believe.
Misc.
1. At first, yes, but the best way to learn is to get out on the street and DRIVE!
2. Yes.
3. Whether it be VTEC or not, checkups are important, preventive maintenance, etc. on every car if you want to keep it for a long time.
4. Same as any other car and most likely a GS-R has been abused unless it's from an old person or someone that doesn't know what they have.
This is just out of my head withouth researching anything so if I'm wrong on something, feel free to correct it.