I think I'm ashamed to say I live near this guy Tweakmeister ......
R does stand for race for the Honda/Acura model line, because that is what it was marketed as, a street legal road race designed car. It does not take much more than a roll cage and some selective stripping down to have a potent road race car ......
Type S stands for Sport, and as such is decked out in some goodies for performance, but just as much for touring.